Introduction​

A container is a standardized modular unit designed for the transportation of goods, either packaged or unpackaged, and optimized for mechanical handling. The success of containers lies in their standardization and the integrated logistics system they enable—facilitating seamless intermodal transport across ships, ports, railways, highways, and bridges globally.​

一、Classification by Material​

Containers are categorized by the primary material used for their structural components (e.g., sidewalls, end walls, roof):​

1. Aluminum Alloy Containers​

• Advantages: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, aesthetically pleasing, elastic, easy to process, low maintenance costs, and long service life.​

• Disadvantages: High manufacturing cost and poor weldability.​

2. Steel Containers​

• Advantages: High strength, robust structure, excellent weldability, watertight, and cost-effective.​

• Disadvantages: Heavyweight and susceptible to corrosion.​

3. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Containers​

• Advantages: High strength, rigidity, large internal volume, good insulation, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, easy to clean, and simple repairs.​

• Disadvantages: Heavyweight, prone to aging, and reduced strength at bolted joints.​

二、Classification by Structure​

1. Interior Post vs. Exterior Post Containers​

• Interior Post: Side or end posts are positioned inside the walls.​

• Exterior Post: Posts are located outside the walls (common in aluminum alloy containers).​

2. Collapsible Containers​

• Features foldable or detachable components (walls, roof) for easy storage and transportation when empty.​

3. Monocoque Containers​

• A single-shell structure with integrated components, offering lightweight design and high torsion resistance.​

三、Classification by Purpose​

1. Dry Containers (General Cargo)​

• Most common type (70-80% of global containers). Used for non-perishable goods like textiles, electronics, machinery, and consumer products.​

2. Reefer Containers (Refrigerated)​

• Built-in: Self-powered refrigeration unit (-60°C to +30°C).​

• External: Relies on external cooling systems (e.g., ships, trucks).​

• Ideal for transporting perishables like frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, and dairy products.​

3. Open-Top Containers​

• Removable roof (typically canvas or plastic) for top-loading heavy items like machinery, steel, or glass panels.​

4. Flat Rack Containers​

• No roof or sidewalls, designed for oversized cargo (e.g., construction equipment, vehicles, steel coils) or bulk goods requiring side loading.​

5. Livestock Containers​

• Ventilated metal mesh sides for animal transport, with feeding facilities and waste management systems.​

6. Tank Containers​

• Stainless steel tanks for liquids (e.g., chemicals, food products, oils). Equipped with heating, inert gas, and pressure relief systems.​

7. Platform Containers​

• Low-profile, flatbed design for extra-long/heavy cargo (up to 40 tons). Multiple units can be joined for larger loads (e.g., trucks, industrial machinery).​

8. Ventilated Containers​

• Perforated walls or vents for airflow, suitable for fresh produce (e.g., fruits, vegetables) to prevent spoilage.​

9. Insulated Containers​

• Thermal insulation and adjustable vents to maintain internal temperature, ideal for temperature-sensitive goods (e.g., pharmaceuticals, chocolates).​

10. Bulk Containers​

• Top loading hatches and sloping floors for discharging granular goods (e.g., grains, cement) via gravity or pneumatic systems.​

11. Powder Bulk Containers​

• Similar to bulk containers but optimized for fine powders (e.g., flour, cement) using specialized loading/unloading equipment.​

12. Hanging Garment Containers​

• Internal racks for hanging clothing, minimizing wrinkles during transport.​

Future Trends​

As global trade evolves, specialized containers (e.g., for renewable energy components, medical supplies, or smart logistics) will continue to emerge, adapting to diverse cargo needs and sustainability goals.